Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/init.php on line 48
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/init.php on line 48
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 143
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 147
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 148
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 28
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 30
Warning: mktime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 39
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 40
Warning: mktime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 41
Warning: mktime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 42
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 44
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 49
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 49
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 50
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 50
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/calendar.php on line 213
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 46
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 110
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 182
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/topnews.php on line 188
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/engine.php on line 146
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 101
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 229
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 229
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 233
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 233
Warning: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 374
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 447
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 447
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 447
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 447
Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone 'UTC' for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/show.full.php on line 447
Warning: fopen(/var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/cache/related_615.tmp): failed to open stream: пФЛБЪБОП Ч ДПУФХРЕ in /var/www/fastuser/data/www/beelgorod.ru/engine/modules/functions.php on line 337
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Начало народной колонизации » Информационно-аналитическая служба Белгорода на Беелгород.ру
Обозначив примерные географические пределы полевой окраины Русского государства, мы упомянули о начале ее заселения в XVI в. до возникновения городов. Сейчас на этом вопросе полезно немного остановиться, поскольку он имеет, теоретическое значение и непосредственно связан с темой нашего исследования. Почти вся рассматриваемая территория уже была заселена русскими во времена Киевской Руси. В результате татаро-монгольского нашествия и господства Золотой Орды край оказался опустошенным. Опустошение не было абсолютным для всех частей края, но во всяком случае в ряде районов-населений не осталось. В 1389 г. московский митрополит Пимен и его спутники, проехавшие по Дону, не встретили на своем пути ни одного русского селения. Возможности для новой колонизации края русскими появились после ликвидации татаро-монгольского ига на Руси и распада Золотой Орды, но и в XVI в. их реализация весьма затруднялась продолжавшимся господством татар в причерноморских степях. В течение XVI в. заметно движение русского населения из центра на южные окраины. Главные причины его, как справедливо отмечал М. Н. Тихомиров, определялись сдвигами в экономической и социальной жизни русского народа. После прекращения внутренних феодальных войн росло население. Одновременно шел процесс закрепощения крестьян, и южные окраины были тем местом России, где крестьяне и холопы спасались от феодального гнета. Наиболее смелые из них выходили «в поле», далеко за пределы северских, украинных, рязанских городов и уездов, становились там вольными людьми — «казаками». Как мы уже говорили во введении, Д. И. Багалей вообще отрицал народную вольную колонизацию юга и заселение южной окраины России полностью приписывал правительственной инициативе. Эта точка зрения, принижавшая творческие силы и способности русского народа, господствовала в дореволюционной историографии. Советские историки справедливо отвергли такую теоретическую установку буржуазной исторической науки. О вольной народной колонизации «поля» говорят факты. Появление «на поле» в XVI в. казаков — вольных люден чаще рассматривалось в связи с историей донского казачества, оформившегося в начале XVII в. в особое сословие и занявшего низовья Дона. Но его следует рассматривать и в связи с колонизацией степной окраины. Свидетельства о большом количестве казаков «на поле» появляются с середины XVI в., причем речь идет не только о низовьях Дона. В документе 1570 г. за два с лишним десятилетия до основания г. Оскола появляется термин «оскольский казак». Река Оскол находилась тогда в 200 км от ближайших русских городов — Рыльска, Новосиля, Данкова; «оскольскими казаками» не могли называться служилые люди этих городов. При основании Воронежа значительную часть его нового населения составили люди, набранные на месте. Поблизости (опять-таки в 200 км от ближайших русских городов!) оказалось немало людей, называвших себя «донскими» и «волжскими» казаками. Набрать несколько сот человек на казачью службу не составило здесь большого труда. Документы разъясняют социальное происхождение некоторых вольных жителей поля, записывавшихся в Воронеже в служилые люди. Это были бывшие крепостные крестьяне. Пришедшие «на поле» до появления здесь городов русские люди, несомненно, занимались не бродяжничеством, а определенной хозяйственной деятельностью. Близость татарских кочевий мешала земледелию; видимо, пока преобладали охота, рыболовство, бортничество. Часть казаков приходила «на поле» на короткое время, а затем возвращалась в родные края, другие оставались надолго, навсегда. Во второй половине XVI в. русское правительство уже пыталось использовать вольных казаков как боевую силу в борьбе против Крымского ханства, обещало жалованье. Знало правительство и о хозяйственной деятельности казаков. Не имея возможности серьезно ограничить вольную народную колонизацию степной окраины, царское правительство просто пользовалось ее результатами. Большой интерес представляет сохранившийся указ о постройке г. Царева-Борисова в 1599 г. Воеводам — руководителям строительства крепости рекомендовалось привлечь на службу «донецких и оскольских казаков», тех, которые живут на берегах Северского Донца, Оскола и их притоков, выяснить, какими угодьями они владеют, сохранить за ними эти угодья при условии постоянного сообщения вестей о татарах. Учитывая особенности московского делопроизводства того времени, мы позволим себе высказать утверждение, что для появления подобного места в указе необходим прецедент. Мы уже говорили о привлечении на службу местного населения после постройки Воронежа. Аналогичная картина должна была наблюдаться и при строительстве Белгорода, Оскола, Курска. И здесь, несомненно, имелось местное население, привлеченное к службе. Существование поселений вольных людей на берегах Сейма и Оскола в 80-х годах XVI в. подтверждается и документами. В наказе путивльцу А. Зиновьеву, посланному в 1589 г. «на поле» с отрядом служилых людей, говорилось, что вольные казаки «житьем живут по Осколу и по Семи». Путивльские помещики, стремившиеся раздвинуть свои владения к востоку, сталкивались у Северского Донца с вольными казаками. Конечно, далеко не все вольные люди, главным образом — беглые крестьяне, оказавшиеся «на поле» во время строительства там городов, поступали на службу и становились служилыми людьми. Некоторая часть могла попасть в число крестьян, которых, хотя и в небольшом количестве, мы видим у детей боярских и даже у беломестных и слободских атаманов и казаков. Другие отходили дальше на юг, оставаясь вольными казаками. Во время крестьянской войны начала XVII в. в повстанческой армии Ивана Болотникова и других отрядах сражались тысячи вольных казаков, среди которых отмечаются и «донецкие». При рассмотрении вопроса о народной вольной колонизации «поля» в XVI в. следует учесть и коренных жителей Путивльского уезда — «севрюков», отлично знавших берега Северского Донца, и рязанские ухожьи на реках Воронеже, Усмани, Хаве,— все это еще требует специального исследования. Но и приведенные примеры, на наш взгляд, вполне убедительны для доказательства существования русского населения на «поле» до возникновения первых городов. Если бы не предшествовавшая и не сопутствовавшая основанию городов «на поле» русская народная колонизация, вряд ли бы устояли эти города под ударами татар. В лучшем случае они «стояли бы одинаково», как метко заметил М. Н. Тихомиров. Позже, в 30—40-х годах XVII в., народная колонизация, в которой немалую роль играл вольный элемент, наполнила людьми — воинами и пахарями — Белгородскую черту.